Hundred Family Surnames

赵钱孙李　周吴郑王　冯陈褚卫　蒋沈韩杨

朱秦尤许　何吕施张　孔曹严华　金魏陶姜

戚谢邹喻　柏水窦章　云苏潘葛　奚范彭郎

鲁韦昌马　苗凤花方　俞任袁柳　酆鲍史唐

费廉岑薛　雷贺倪汤　滕殷罗毕　郝邬安常

乐于时傅　皮卞齐康　伍余元卜　顾孟平黄

和穆萧尹　姚邵湛汪　祁毛禹狄　米贝明臧

计伏成戴　谈宋茅庞　熊纪舒屈　项祝董梁

杜阮蓝闵　席季麻强　贾路娄危　江童颜郭

梅盛林刁　钟徐丘骆　高夏蔡田　樊胡凌霍

虞万支柯　昝管卢莫　经房裘缪　干解应宗

丁宣贲邓　郁单杭洪　包诸左石　崔吉钮龚

程嵇邢滑　裴陆荣翁　荀羊于惠　甄曲家封

芮羿储靳　汲邴糜松　井段富巫　乌焦巴弓

牧隗山谷　车侯宓蓬　全郗班仰　秋仲伊宫

宁仇栾暴　甘钭厉戎　祖武符刘　景詹束龙

叶幸司韶　郜黎蓟薄　印宿白怀　蒲邰从鄂

索咸籍赖　卓蔺屠蒙　池乔阴郁　胥能苍双

闻莘党翟　谭贡劳逄　姬申扶堵　冉宰郦雍

郤璩桑桂　濮牛寿通　边扈燕冀　郏浦尚农

柴瞿阎充　慕连茹习　宦艾鱼容　向古易慎

戈廖庾终　暨居衡步　都耿满弘　匡国文寇

广禄阙东　欧殳沃利　蔚越夔隆　师巩厍聂

晁勾敖融　冷訾辛阚　那简饶空　曾毋沙乜

养鞠须丰　巢关蒯相　查后荆红　游竺权逯

盖益桓公　万俟司马　上官欧阳　夏候诸葛

闻人东方　赫连皇甫　尉迟公羊　澹台公治

宗政濮阳　淳于单于　太叔申屠　公孙仲孙

辕轩令狐　钟离宇文　长孙幕容　鲜于闾丘

司徒司空　丌官司寇　仉督子车　颛孙端木

巫马公西　漆雕乐正　壤驷公良　拓拔夹谷

宰父谷梁　晋楚阎法　汝鄢涂钦　段干百里

东郭南门　呼延归海　羊舌微生　岳帅缑亢

况后有琴　梁丘左丘　东门西门　商牟佘佴

佰赏南官　墨哈谯笪　年爱阳佟　第五言福

百家姓终

Background and Origin

It was originally compiled during the early Song Dynasty in China. It was created to record and categorize the common surnames prevalent during that time, providing a valuable reference for understanding family lineages and social structures.

This work reflects the importance of family and lineage in traditional Chinese society. Surnames were not only a means of identifying individuals but also a crucial part of family heritage and social identity, playing a significant role in genealogy, social status, and inheritance.

Content and Structure

The text contains a comprehensive list of surnames. Initially, it included 411 surnames, which were later expanded to 504 surnames, consisting of 444 single-character surnames and 60 compound surnames. The surnames are presented in a specific order, with the most common or prominent ones listed first, such as "Zhao Qian Sun Li, Zhou Wu Zheng Wang," which has become a well-known phrase in Chinese culture.

The text is written in a four-character rhyming pattern, making it easy to remember and recite. This format contributed to its wide dissemination and popularity, as it was convenient for people to learn and pass down through generations.

Role and Influence

It serves as an important resource for genealogical research, helping people trace their family roots and understand their ancestral heritage. By referring to "The Hundred Family Surnames," individuals can explore the possible origins and migrations of their families, as well as their connections to other families with the same surnames.

It is an integral part of Chinese cultural heritage, representing the long history and rich traditions of Chinese family culture. It has influenced various aspects of Chinese society, including naming customs, family values, and social hierarchies, and continues to be of great significance in maintaining cultural identity and family union.

Modern Significance

In modern education, "The Hundred Family Surnames" is still used as educational material to teach children about Chinese history, culture, and language. By learning the surnames and their associated stories, students can gain a deeper understanding of Chinese social history and cultural traditions.

With the increasing globalization, it also plays a role in cross-cultural communication. It helps people from different cultures understand Chinese naming systems and family concepts, facilitating cultural exchanges and mutual understanding between China and the rest of the world.